Stylistic Development in the Buddha sculptures from kushan to Gupta Period: Select Sculptures from National Museum, New Delhi

Abstract

A significant chapter in the history of Indian art is represented by the progression of Buddha sculpture from the Kushan to the Gupta periods, which reflects the creative, religious, and cultural advancements of the era. During this period, there was a notable shift in how the Buddha was portrayed in terms of iconography and artistic expression. This shift was caused by a combination of changing religious views, foreign influences, and local traditions.

Sculptures of Buddha from the Kushan era usually showed the Buddha sitting or standing, covered in flowing robes, with curly hair, and wearing a contented look. Buddha sculptures from the Gupta era are highly prized for their beauty, elegance, and spiritual profundity. The "dhyānamudrā," or contemplative gesture, in which the Buddha is frequently portrayed as sitting with his legs crossed and his hands resting on his lap, represents profound focus and inner serenity. Buddha sculptures from the Gupta era are known for their contemplative and peaceful facial features. These qualities include almond-shaped eyes, a soft smile, and a placid countenance that emanates a sense of spiritual enlightenment.

 This article aims to study stylistic development in the form of Buddha in the different periods, regions, etc. through stone sculptures. It will be analyzed on the basis of select sculptures.